Wednesday, May 15, 2019
Returning to D&D.
I like that the main setting takes place in the Forgotten Realms world of Toril. It's a classic setting, with various tribes of humans around the world. My experience with this setting comes from Black Isle's RP sprite games (Baldur's Gate, Icewind Dale, etc.). I'm not quite used to the Forgotten Realms pantheon. That will take some getting used to when creating clerics. I'm more used to those of Greyhawk (Pelor, Olidammara, Nerul, etc.).
Ravnica, the ecumenopolis setting of a series of Magic: The Gathering cards, is a possible alternate setting! I had to get that book when I could. Some other Magic settings, like Zendikar, are available in PDF form, but Ravnica is a physical book.
In the grander scheme of things, the cosmology has returned to the Great Wheel. I'm used to this, as it is the cosmology used in 3.5.
There is no mention of prestige classes, which is fine. I didn't think that I would welcome such a change, but I love what was done instead. Let's say a player wanted to make a mage-thief. He starts with a thief, then plans his skill points - present and future levels - around that future leveling. He adds a few levels of wizard, then he can chose to take on arcane trickster class levels. Now 5e just has archetypes; that same player can just take on limited spellcasting ability at 3rd level without multiclassing. In future blog entries, I might talk about archetypes that catch my eye, ones that I've come up with, or ones I've adapted from prestige classes from earlier 3.5 supplements.
Bards are more powerful now! I've always loved the class, as they are very music-oriented, and they have random pieces of knowledge. Now they have a full 9-level spell list, and have a feature called Secret Magic; at certain levels, they can pick two spells from any other class' spell list. So, you can have a bard that sings down a Meteor Swarm. Also, I've converted my 3.5 7th level bard, Sirrus Kobayne, into a 5e 7th level bard of whispers.
The stripped-down skill system will take getting used to. You don't choose skill ranks; you just have proficiencies based on your class. That does make it a little less customizable.
At higher levels, spellcasting is a bit limited. But there is versatility in spellcasting. For instance, Wizards (for example) combine their class level with their Intelligence bonus, and that's the number of spells they can prepare. The spell slots tells the player how many of each level they can cast. So, they can prepare two spells of Level X, but only have one slot in Level X, so there's a sense of versatility.
In future entries, I would like to talk about supplements that I wish would be adapted to 5e. 5e isn't terribly old, but I think a lot of players are missing the Draconomicon, for example.
Saturday, March 16, 2019
Joys and irritation.
The good came with the game itself. The gameplay is the same as it was in the first one (of this gen). The only difference I really saw was that the opportunities -- signature ways of killing your targets -- are now called mission stories. I've accomplished most of these, but that doesn't mean there aren't more ways of taking down dummies.
The story, itself, is really intriguing. It delves into 47 and Diana's respective childhood. And one of the other NPCs that seemed like an enemy doesn't seem like it now.
The bad came with installation. I've reached the end of my PS4's memory, so I had to delete No Man's Sky. I like that game, but it's always updating, which gets frustrating. I can't remember the other game I had to delete. But, I'll reinstall them whenever I get an external hard drive. Not this month, but sometime this year, I will.
Monday, February 25, 2019
Mechanical mayhem
When I got it, the cashier said it would have won several game of the year awards, if it hadn't been for Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild. He however conceded that, when a Zelda game comes out, it makes it harder for other games to compete. But name-dropping a legendary series in comparison had me more intrigued.
It is an amazing game! The setting is some post-apocalyptic future, where any surviving members of humanity have started civilization over again, and have re-entered the late neolithic or early bronze age. However, machines from the past have also evolved, so in addition to natural wildlife, there is mechanical wildlife roaming the world. Technologically advanced relics that still work seem to be treated like magic.
The heroine of the story is a woman named Aloy, who is now my first video game crush. And yes, I know that makes me sound like a geek. But anyway, she's an ass-kicking tribal woman. She wields a spear, traps, and bows; and I do like sniping. The combat system within this open world is intuitive, once you get the hang of the controls.
In addition to combat, there's a technique that is available called override. With a device that dropped after a boss battle, you can take control of some machines. After exploring some caves known as Cauldrons, you learn to take control of more types of machines.
Roleplaying is a fun aspect of HZD. You talk to various people from your own and other tribes, who give out missions. Missions are divided into Main, Side, Errands, Cauldrons, and Tallnecks (overriding a huge mechanical dinosaur to discover more of the map).
I think, when I get home, I'm going to search for more Cauldrons and Tallnecks. Right now, I'm writing this at work, and it just makes me want to get home more.
Friday, February 15, 2019
Gaming over the past year.
As a Christmas present in 2017, I got Sims 4 for the PS4. I like it quite a bit. It's not open-world, like Sims 3 is, but it has a lot more detail. Of course, like many, I made a Simself as my first character. And he's married to a Sim-Denise who already had a son.
The first sims have aged and died, and now her great-grandsons are adults. One's a musician and the other is an E-sports competitor. Six live in a mansion whose bottom floor is based on an amalgam of various Clue mansion boards.
This past Christmas, I got myself the expansions City Living, Vampires, and Get to Work. I reused my original characters in the new city setting, San Myshuno. So far, I like it.
I've been playing Grand Theft Auto Online with someone in Utah. I've been using the resulting heist money to do the biker and nightclub updated content. So, I have a flying motorcycle and a Bugatti-like car. It's pretty cool.
I've gotten back into playing Borderlands 2. I've been playing it at times with someone in England. I started my first combat-oriented character, Axton the Commando, and gotten through the Captain Scarlet expansion story. His special attack is pretty cool. It's a turret that shoots at all enemies within range; and I've upgraded it with rockets. I mostly rely on machine guns for him, and I have multiple ones for each type of energy attack. With the help of the guy in England, whose Maya the Siren is level 72, my commando jumped from 21 to 23 within 15 minutes.
Speaking of energy attacks, I've found something cool while playing BL2 on PS4. The glowing bar on top of the controller changes color, depending on which type of energy is used; standard blue for none, light blue for electricity, orange for fire, green for corrosive, purple for slag, and yellow for explosive.
Thanks to finding the books for less than half-price on Ebay, I've gotten into Dungeons & Dragons, 5e. I have the three core rulebooks. I already love the idea of getting rid of prestige classes in favor of expanding existing core classes with class archetypes. Archetypes are a way of differentiating the various members of a class. A thief rogue is different from an assassin rogue, for example. I also have the campaign setting Guildmaster's Guide to Ravnica, which is based on the popular Magic: The Gathering setting.
Speaking of Magic, I've completed a few decks. So far, I have a discard control, a mill control, and a burn-counter. My next one will either be the zombie or demon deck. Now, after completing a deck, I've been buying $2 deck-boxes for them, instead of relying on flimsy paper-board.
Out of boredom, I decided to re-install Sims 3 for my computer, for the boring overnight shifts. It works. It's fun, but makes me want to go home to play Sims 4. My main character, Beavis Meeseeks, is a time-traveling ghost-hunter. Makes a good TV show, or a brief SNL sketch.
So, anyway, that's pretty much it. I just got Horizon Zero Dawn, but I haven't started it yet. I probably will after work, and before I take my nap.
Friday, December 8, 2017
Vanity.
I found out that my ideal character is a chaotic neutral half-elf bard. I've taken this and included it into my RPG experience. Most of my characters have been CN Half-elf bards named GB. In at least one game, I have a party member named Gerard Barnaby; in The Temple of Elemental Evil, the face of my party is named Galen Burnwood.
Some might say that I'm just in touch with my inner self. Others might say it's a matter of vanity.
Wednesday, November 15, 2017
RANT: Mini-games.
My first experience that made me rage-quit for a while was in the first Dead Space game. In order to continue, you had to shoot rocks coming for the ship while the shields were coming back online. Basically, you had to play Asteroids for a few minutes or not play Dead Space at all. It is horrible. I went online and many people said, and I agree, that it pretty much ruins replayability.
My most recent experience with this bullshit is God of War 3. All the action and fun had to stop at the big string instrument thing. In order to continue, I had to play a music box puzzle. What I had to do was hit the buttons in a sequence, timing it just right, or I had to start it again. If I wanted to play Guitar Hero, I would play Guitar Hero.
By the 50th try on these mini-games, I find myself screaming at the TV "Just let me get back to the real fucking game!"
Thursday, September 21, 2017
Atlas Rises!
First, establish the number and size of stars in each system, and therefore the Goldilocks zone. Binary/Trinary stars would be cool, actually, and would make interesting habitable areas. Different types of stars would have different temperature effects.
Second, establish the number of orbiting bodies. Usually, this would be around 10-20. In addition, this step should make size matter. This includes adding gas giants and dwarf planets, as well as different planet sizes.
Fourth, have the temperature vary, depending on the latitude. The worlds would be much less homogenous.
Fifth, those which falls into that habitable zone, and where, would have a greater likelihood of habitability.
If solar system generation were done like this, most planets won't be habitable, but they would be good sources of minerals and crystals. These types of worlds could have large, paraterraformed domes, like stations. Also, it would make finding a habitable world more rewarding to find, and players will want to spend more time exploring each one.
Thursday, June 22, 2017
Mastering being 47
The "Hitman" series plays well into this style of gaming. Each mission is basically a puzzle. For instance, you have to kill someone who is somewhere in a compound. They are often surrounded by guards and/or alarms. Often, they best way is to make the assassination look like an accident, if you can't snipe them or get them alone with a headshot with a silenced pistol.
So far, I've been replaying the Paris mission, "Showstopper", and the Italian one, "World of Tomorrow".
In "Showstopper," a power couple, Dalia Margolis and Viktor Novikov, are major players in the fashion industry. However, the fashion industry is a front for their activities for an espionage group called IAGO. The best way I figured out is to start off disguised as a member of the tech crew for the fashion show; you grab the remote control for the fireworks; then you sneak into the maintenance shed to grab the silenced sniper rifle that you arranged to have smuggled in; after which, you climb the barge and set off the fireworks, causing your targets to come outside; then POP... POP.
In "World of Tomorrow", I found out that it's best to assassinate the male scientist first, then the female scientist, then grab the keycard from the female scientist to make your way to the underground lab to destroy the virus they were working on.
Now, I'm working on my mastery of the mission in Marrakesh, Morocco. I guess I'll have a drink and start that one again. Good night, fellow gamers.
Thursday, May 25, 2017
New generation of console.
I got the latest Hitman. They call it "Hitman: Season One". Hopefully, it means that there will be a next season. I've gone through it once, and I'm pretty happy with it. They got back to the basics of "Here's your target, have at it, 47." Whenever you complete a mission, you unlock different things which would allow you to complete it again, but with different disguises and/or weapons, and at different starting points. This system creates a greater replayability aspect. And the graphics are just great! Crisp, clear, and gorgeous.
At the same time as getting Hitman, I got another game that I had been waiting for a long time to play. "No Man's Sky." You start off crashed on a randomly generated planet, then you gather resources to repair your ship, then you gather fuel to get off the planet, then you gather fuel to warp to the next star system. It goes on and on like that.
While many have decried this gather-travel-gather-travel aspect as the downfall of the game. I find it to be what fuels the game. What makes the game rewarding is the fact that the game is running on an algorithm; every star, planet, and ship you encounter is randomly generated by a programmed matrix, creating the possibility of quintillions of worlds to discover. And it's relaxing to play.
So, I got the fourth installment of the Saints Row series. I'll be honest, III was better. IV just got a bit ridiculous and over the top, which is saying a lot for a series that is designed to be a ridiculous and over the top version of GTA. It was a combination of "The Matrix" trilogy and "They Live". Your character is president of the US, and aliens invade. The remaining humans are kept alive in computer-generated dreamworlds. Basically, the series has jumped the shark with this one.
I am very happy with the newest installment of Dragon Age, DA: Inquisition. Your character is the leader of a growing group called the Inquisition, which wants to unite various factions to prevent a blight caused by breaches into the Fade, causing demons to leak into the world of Thedas. I love it so far. I can send troops to complete tasks, which help me in the long run. After a while, you can align yourself with either the templars or the mages. I have a saved game ready for when I complete the main storyline with the mages, so I can do it again with the templars.
About a month ago, I got the remastered version of God of War 3. I still haven't gotten around to playing it yet, but I hope it's as spectacular as God of War 2 was on the PS2. The added fact that it's on a console two generations newer should make even more beautiful. Beautiful and violent.
In addition to opening my gaming experience to the latest in interactive stories, I found that I have been using my PS3 wrong all along! I should have hooked it up to the TV via an HDMI cord. I finaly did so, and wow! My games and TV experiences are much more crisp and clear! I wish I would have known about this years ago!
I'm off tomorrow, so I have some adventuring to do tonight.
Thursday, December 22, 2016
Elder Scrolls rants and raves.
I've started Oblivion. My character is doing O.K. He's a mage-thief (head of the thieves guild) and he has taken Sheogorath's place as the new Mad God. Sheogorath, BTW, is one of my favorite daedric princes. As of late, I have him exploring the Oblivion Gate just outside of Bravil.
I have a new character for Skyrim! A mage, actually. And I'm not only surprised that he can survive with just magic, I don't even have him using weapons. Being bedridden for the past week, I've taken the time to make my mage the Archmage the College of Winterhold.
There has been a lot of talk about an Elder Scrolls VI game. People on a gaming page were asked "Where would you want it to take place?" My answer was Valenwood. think of it: The Elder Scrolls VI: Valenwood.
It seems that, after the frozen mountains of Skyrim, Valenwood would be a pleasant change. It has lush vegetation and great big city-trees that move. Definitely a great site to see, given the fact that the next TES game would be released on the latest generation of consoles.
Dozing... Maybe I'll dream about the Shimmering Isles.
SimCity 2013.
I like the fact that you can plant buildings, then grow them with additions and achievements. And would-be mayors can choose what they want their cities to specialize in. This could be mining, drilling, tourism, technology, or gambling.
Like SimCity 4, this newest version allows you to establish multiple cities on a map. However, you aren't able to choose tiles or reshape the land. That would have been great.
My play style is as follows: One tech city produces processors, then later computers and TVs. Another city is the center of education, which allows research for greater building upgrades. A third city would bring gambling revenue. Other cities would be bedroom communities (where workers live, and from where they commute) and industrial areas (to where residents commute).
All in all, it's a good game. Sometimes hard to start, but still.
Tuesday, September 13, 2016
Art imitates art.
My gaming and writing are feeding off of each other. I got into playing Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel. The first character I decided to play is Wilhelm, a cyborg mercenary with body modification addiction.
Playing as Wilhelm reminded me of a character in one of my stories. He is a partially mechanical second-mate and security enforcer of a pirate ship, who is also succumbing to bod-mod addiction. But I'm careful not to make it seem like I'm plagiarizing. Being that cyborgs are prevalent in science fiction, and people in real life can be addicted to plastic surgery and piercings and tattoos, they're both common character motifs; and it's really about what the writer wants to do with those motifs.
A neat gaming experience is playing BL2 and BL: TPS, and seeing the back stories of characters that you'll face in the sequel. In one game, I'm playing as Wilhelm as he starts to descend into his bod-mod addiction (via the Cyber Commando skill tree). In the other game, I'm playing another character who goes up against him, and he's more machine than man.
Playing through True Vault Hunter Mode in BL2 as Zer0 (the assassin), I'm level 48 and taking the side missions area by area. I completed the Captain Scarlett DLC in TVHM, and I'm trying to decide whether or not I'm going to tackle the Caustic Caverns before doing the story mission in the Hyperion Wildlife Preserve.
Another cool thing I did, related to Borderlands, is that I found wallpapers for my phone. I got five each for the different manufacturing corporations.
After this episode of the Blacklist, I'm heading back to Pandora.
UPDATE:
My Zer0 is now a level 49 True Shot. My next series of missions will take me to Thousand Cuts, the place where players meet Brick (a PC from the first game).
I'm primarily a sniper who uses SMGs when things get up-close and personal, buy I've decided to carry one explosive assault rifle and one RPG, for when desperate times call for desperate measures. I call them my Fuck-It Gun and my Fuck-It Cannon, respectively.
Monday, June 6, 2016
Classics re-incarnated: Megaman.
Tuesday, April 26, 2016
GTA VI?
The post said that GTA VI is going to take place in Magnolia City (an old nickname for Houston). And this made fans from Houston happy. "That's my hometown!" As an avid gamer, I know that news of sequels are often just rumors.
If things go O.K., I think I will have a PS4 by this time next year. The main reasons will be because the sequels to my favorite series/franchises, like Borderlands, Hitman, and GTA, are coming out on current-gen consoles only. But, at least they should be cheaper by then.
They can travel by ground. This would feature cut scenes that would fast-foward the game timeclock. The cut scenes would be interspersed with traveling by Sandy Shores-sized towns where they could play around in (maybe tiny side-quests). Time would return to normal while in these towns.
The possibilities are endless, and I'm looking forward to seeing what happens.
Monday, March 28, 2016
Crossovers: Part 1
Grand Theft Horse: Riften. Riften is a city in the province of Skyrim, capital of the Rift Hold, and home of the infamous thieves guild. Add in three characters that go from lackeys to possible kingpins within the guild, or even create a guild of their own, then you have a game filled with magically medieval mafia-style action.
Hitman: Dark Brotherhood. In the world of Nirn (the planet that the Elder Scrolls takes place on) there exists a shadowy syndicate of assassins known as the Dark Brotherhood. Let's say that a mage was using alteration magic to create the ultimate killer. The most successful one was 47, who breaks loose and finds himself among the Dark Brotherhood. Astrid, the head of the Brotherhood, needs to be made into a Breton and sound more like Diana.
Hitman: Vault Hunter. Let's say in the future, Agent 47 is reborn. The Interstellar Contract Agency sends him to Pandora to hunt a few vault hunters as well as the Hyperion Corporation's new leader - whoever Handsome Jack's successor would be.
I could imagine the opening cutscene: He's staring out the window, and his thoughts are narrating what he has to do as streaking stars reflect off the window. His thoughts are interrupted by the voice of a descendant of Diana being patched through his HUD. Boom! Ass-kicking everywhere!
Yakuza: Way of Pandora. The Tojo Clan of yakuza families is on the hunt on Pandora, and Kazuma Kiryu finds himself embroiled in it again. You can start the game as one of, maybe, four characters. If you start as Kazuma, your starting point is the floating city of Sanctuary. If you start as Goro Majima, your starting point is a mining town run by Majima Construction.
Metroid: Pirate Warfare. Intrepid cyborg bounty hunter Samus Aran has to do battle with the space pirate aliens of the planet Zebes, but there is also a rival fleet sent from Earth - the Tojo Clan. That's all I have for that.
Metroid: The Zebesian Vault. There was a map that was opened at the last cutscene of the final main story mission in Borderlands 2. It revealed the locations of multiple vaults throughout the galaxy.
One of them was found on the planet Zebes, and there is a race among vault hunters - one of them being Samus - to prevent the opening of the vault by the one and only Mother Brain.
I have a feeling that I'm going to keep coming up with more ideas. That's why this is Crossovers: Part 1.
Wednesday, March 23, 2016
More Skyrim news, and returning to San Andreas.
Monday, February 29, 2016
My name is George, and I am a Skyrim addict.
What I like about it is that it combines two of my favorite things in gaming: sandbox-style play and character customization.
What's catchy about it, and the previous Elder Scrolls games (from what I understand), is that it's not class-based. You can custom your own path of progression with skill trees and perks. But, to get an idea of what someone's character does, people usually refer to them by race (as usual) and class. I have two and a half characters. I say a half, since I didn't know how perks worked, so I restarted one after I learned.
My first character is Sahandrian. Yes, he was named after Corellon Larethian's sword in Dungeons & Dragons lore. And yes, I know that makes me a demigod among geeks for making that reference. So, the first Sahandrian was a wood elf archmage/thief/assassin, and I didn't know how perks worked; I thought you only took perks on the ones that had numbers (like 1/5, etc.). When I learned how perks worked, and that I didn't need to progress at all in the mage school questline to learn from the illusionist at the College of Winterhold, I restarted Sahandrian. First, I mapped out his skill trees and perks, and made him a high elf. Now, at level 28, he's the leader of the Riften Thieves Guild, the leader of the Dark Brotherhood, and can cast Invisibility, though he hasn't progressed very far in the mage college questline, so he's not an archmage (he just needs illusions and some destruction). And this time, I'm having him practice alchemy and grow a garden, so he can make his own poisons. Thanks to the Hearthfire expansion, he has a house, with a greenhouse wing, and a garden. Sounds quaint... but deadly.
I don't usually play warrior-type characters, so I thought I'd give it a try. Beinir (looked it up in a Norse naming site) is a Nord ranger. Yeah, still stealthy, but will wield a sword if needed. And he's more of a good guy, as he liberated the province of Skyrim from the Empire. I know, half the Stormcloak rebellion are xenophobic jocks, but the cause is more chaotic-good oriented, which is how I envision Beinir. I just need to figure out how to get him more gold.
Well, I'm off to have dinner, then skulk some dwarven ruins.
Wednesday, December 9, 2015
In lieu of WoW, some good old games.
I'm slowly trudging through Icewind Dale 2 (I've been through these stages before, but the computer or something would crash). I'm going to find out how to back up my saved games for if it happens again. It's a pain in the ass having never reached the end of the game. Right now, my party consists of a human fighter, a half-elf ranger, a halfling rogue, an elf druid, a human bard, and a tiefling sorceress. I've gotten them leveled to six thus far.
I'm also going over Baldur's Gate, having never gotten to the end. I got a bad copy of the game originally, and another computer crashed. My main character is a half-elf fighter/mage. As of right now, I'm trying to figure out what to do to continue. Older games like that aren't as straightforward, with ! and ? over the heads of NPCs to tell me what needs to be done next.
I started a new Heroes of Might and Magic 3 game. My last one was fighting a losing battle. Ever since being introduced to it in late 2006 by an old friend, I usually play with the Necropolis, but this time, I'm going with the Conflux, which is run by elementalists and planeswalkers.
Speaking of the planes, I poked around the city of Sigil, on Planescape: Torment. I was first introduced to it by another old friend in mid 2007. I still have the starting characters, the Nameless One and Morte, so I'm not that far into it. I do like the setting, though; however, I've never played a D&D campaign game set in the City of Sigil. However, I'm thinking of adding it to my "Dungeons & Pathfinders" game, as it's Pathfinder rules with the a D&D homebrew setting.
And I started a new (to me) game. It's called Arcanum, and it's a combination of fantasy and steampunk. Don't know too much about it right now, but I plan on getting more into it over the next few weeks.
I knew there was a reason I got those games. I guess I have more than enough to keep me occupied. And maybe it will inspire to get back into DMing.
Tuesday, September 29, 2015
Tira's blade in d20.
2d6 x2/20 S Trip, Defensive
A bladed hoop can be used with weapon finesse
Wednesday, September 16, 2015
Gnomes in Rifts.
The first reason is that the books are highly disorganized. It's not divided into chapters like Classes, Equipment, Spells, etc. I actually agree with that reason. I really like the organization of the rulebooks in D&D, Star Wars, and Pathfinder. I miss it when I'm going through the Rifts books.
The second reason that people don't like it is actually the reason I love it so much. It's science fiction and fantasy combined, and realities are linked through gateways called Rifts. These gateways could lead to other planets, dimensions, or even other fragments of time. Basically, you could be a psychic magic user who wields a laser gun and rides a dinosaur.
My problem is that not all standard fantasy races are covered. In fact, the core rulebook seems to assume that all players want to play humans. I did find some conversions while playing with character sheets, and I created an elf cyborg assassin. But it didn't have gnomes. So, what I did was create a template for anyone who would want to create a Rifts gnome. Enjoy!
ME: 2d6 + additional 1d6 for 11 or 12; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
MA: 3d6 + additional 1d6 for 16, 17, or 18; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
PS: 2d6 + additional 1d6 for 11 or 12; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
PP: 3d6 + additional 1d6 for 16, 17, or 18; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
PE: 3d6 + additional 1d6 for 16, 17, or 18; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
PB: 3d6 + additional 1d6 for 16, 17, or 18; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
Spd: 2d6 + additional 1d6 for 11 or 12; if additional roll is a 6, add another 1d6
Obsession skills:
Gnome characters choose 1 Electrical, 1 Mechanical, and 2 Technical skills. The character receives +15% to these skills. However, while using these skills or speaking about them, the character receives -5 to perception, as these skills absorb the character's concentration.
Keen nose:
Gnomes receive +1 to perception when it comes to using their sense of smell.
Illusion familiarity:
+2 Illusion spell strength
+2 save vs. illusions
Small size:
+5% to Camouflage skill
+1 to attack and dodge
Riding on a specially bred riding dog is treated as Horsemanship: General.
